Terrorism in Netherlands largely homegrown, study finds

Terrorism in the Netherlands is primarily a "problem of homegrown origin," according to a recent study examining the links between migration and terrorism. The report, shared Friday by Justice and Migration Minister David van Weel (VVD) with the Tweede Kamer, finds that migrants linked to radicalization or attacks represent an "infinitesimally small" fraction compared to the total number of asylum applications in Europe.

The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism conducted the research, focusing mainly on existing literature while also collecting original data. The study analyzed 43 jihadist attacks in Europe between 2014 and 2024, involving 55 individuals. The majority of those involved were either born in Europe or had lived there for at least five years. Only five attackers committed an attack within one year of arriving in Europe.

While the report acknowledges instances where terrorists "infiltrated" migration flows to enter Europe, it emphasizes that migrants are vulnerable to radicalization after arriving in the EU. Factors such as trauma, uncertainty, and poor living conditions contribute to this vulnerability. The report states, "As a result, some migrants have been radicalized to violent extremism, although these numbers remain very small."

The study identifies a clogged asylum system as a significant risk factor. It recommends streamlining asylum procedures, noting that "the duration and uncertainty of the process increase individuals' vulnerability to radicalization or recruitment."

To avoid counterproductive policies, the researchers stress the importance of preventing entire population groups from being viewed as criminal. They also advise protecting asylum seekers from radical influences.

Minister Van Weel responded by noting that the Netherlands is already implementing many of these recommendations.