Defense plans spark outcry over threat to Veluwe Nature Reserve

Conservationists, municipal officials, and agricultural leaders are warning that new Defense Ministry military expansion plans will significantly harm the protected Veluwe region, threatening both nature and farms. The Veluwe, located in Gelderland, contains vital natural reserves and farmlands. Its protected areas are subject to strict environmental laws.

The organization Natuurmonumenten called the plans “deeply troubling,” pointing to increased nitrogen emissions, more noise, and less space for nature. The group is especially concerned about military low-fly zones planned over the area.

“These zones come with restrictions meant to protect breeding seasons and other environmental values,” Natuurmonumenten stated. “Dispersing military flight paths can help prevent damage and disruption, but there are high-value ecological areas within these zones that cannot withstand low-level flights. These include habitats for breeding and migratory birds, marine mammals, salt marshes, and forests.”

The organization welcomed the decision to exclude the Veluwezoom area from use for heavy explosives training. It described that as “only logical,” given the site’s status as a vulnerable, European-protected Natura 2000 area. Natuurmonumenten had previously launched a petition titled “Keep the Veluwezoom Bomb-Free.” The group is now urging the government to intervene. “Parliament must lead in creating new nature areas so that both national defense and nature can benefit.”

The city of Arnhem expressed similar concerns, stating it is willing to accommodate the Defense Ministry but not at the cost of local ecosystems. Officials are particularly alarmed by the growing list of defense-related projects being planned near the city.

At Vliegbasis Deelen, north of Arnhem, the Ministry wants to construct an unpaved runway for military transport aircraft, increase helicopter training, and station unmanned transport drones. Arnhem already houses a military barracks. “Arnhem is not against defense; we are for nature,” said alderman Cathelijne Bouwkamp of GroenLinks. She described the city as the “guardian” of one of the most beautiful and fragile natural regions in the Netherlands — the Veluwe.

“We understand that global security challenges require stronger defense,” she said. “That’s why we want to examine what is appropriate and be clear about what is not. We support nature, balance, and a healthy living environment. These values must be protected — especially when tensions are high.”

Farmers are also raising alarm. LTO Noord, an agricultural organization, said it fears an “immense impact” on farming in the area if the expansion plans go forward. The group has not released detailed objections but aligned itself with broader criticism from environmental and political leaders.